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Return to Latin America in the Modern World Student Resources
Prologue Self-assessment
Quiz Content
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Which of the following were environmental barriers to the growth of complex agricultural and commercial civilizations in pre-modern Latin America?
Uneven amounts of rainfall.
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River systems that did not experience annual floods.
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A relative absence of large lakes.
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All of the above.
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Which pairing of an indigenous people with its geographical location is INCORRECT?
Maya - Yucatán Peninsula.
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Inka - Atlantic coast of present-day Brazil.
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Muisca - present-day Colombia near present-day Bogotá
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Aztec - Central Mexico.
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The best characterization of the Aztecs by the year 1519 is
An expanding empire ruling by force over recently-conquered peoples.
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A civilization of independent city-states.
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A once-great civilization that had already declined.
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A nomadic people
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Among the legacies of the Aztecs that endured into the colonial and modern periods was
Their language Nahuatl.
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Their food.
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Their capital city, under a new name.
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All of the above.
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The Inka
Ruled one of the largest empires in the world at the time, incorporating modern-day Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, and parts of Chile and Colombia.
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Had no means of recording economic and tax information.
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Ruthlessly stamped out diverse religious practices in their territory.
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Had ruled their territory for over a thousand years at the time of contact with the Spanish.
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Which of the following is INCORRECT about the Spanish in the sixteenth century?
They had only recently succeeded in unifying their kingdom in Europe.
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They brought a distinctly militaristic outlook to their overseas ventures.
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They generally brought less religious and crusading zeal to their empire than the Portuguese did to theirs.
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They viewed expansionist activity as an opportunity for personal and family enrichment.
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The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs
Followed an intricate and consistent plan.
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Was resisted by all the native peoples of the area.
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Failed to establish real control over many indigenous peoples, who retained considerable autonomy for centuries.
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Wiped out most of the indigenous population militarily even before the spread of disease took its toll.
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Spanish control in the Americas
Was deepest in the areas where the indigenous population was at its least dense and sophisticated
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Was largely limited to what had been peripheral areas at the edges of the Aztec and Inka realms.
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Is best characterized as a sort of overlordship, with a new elite that kept much of the previous social relations intact.
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Was mostly an afterthought compared to its activities in Asia.
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Which of the following was NOT an aspect of the Columbian Exchange?
Imported and invasive animal species damaged native flora and fauna.
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People in both the Americas and the Old World benefited from new foods from across the sea.
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Colonization transformed Latin American landscapes, replacing grasslands and forests with agricultural lands.
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The Spanish introduced addictive substances like tobacco that decimated the indigenous populations.
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Catholic priests and monks in the Americas
Ignored the indigenous populations and focused their preaching and ministry on peoples of Iberian and African descent.
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Worked to undermine the authority of the Spanish or Portuguese crowns, favoring local self-government.
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Built profitable enterprises using the rural and urban landholdings that were reserved to the Church by law.
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Refrained from publicly criticizing the abuses that colonists perpetrated against indigenous peoples and slaves.
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The elite in colonial Latin American societies
Generally preferred to live in rural areas, to oversee their ranches and plantations.
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Was defined exclusively on racial lines and reserved only for "white" people.
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Grew more stratified along racial lines over time, but also included important distinctions between the European- and American-born.
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Was mostly the product of intermarriage between colonists and the surviving indigenous nobility.
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Which of the following was NOT a sign of the weakness of Spanish or Portuguese colonial authority?
The existence of autonomous communities of escaped slaves (quilombos) in the Brazilian interior.
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The frequent use of the phrase "obedezco pero no cumplo" ("I obey but do not comply").
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The practice of selling administrative offices to local elites.
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The capture of Havana from the Dutch during the Seven Years' War.
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During the eighteenth century
Once-neglected and peripheral areas of Latin America, such as Venezuela, Argentina, Cuba, and southern Brazil, began to prosper.
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The Catholic Church strengthened its position at the expense of the Spanish monarchy.
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Colonial governments permitted free trade in items such as tobacco.
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Silver mining in Mexico and Peru collapsed.
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The expulsion of the Jesuit order from Portuguese and Spanish America
Allowed the monarchies to seize the order's assets.
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Resulted in the threat of excommunication of both monarchs by the Pope.
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Improved education in the colonies by forcing the priests to stop preaching and dedicate themselves to teaching secular subjects.
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Was motivated by the order's opposition to capitalism and profit.
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The following pairs a region with its principal commodity export. Which pair is incorrect?
Cuba: sugar.
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Argentina: leather and salted beef.
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Venezuela: cacao.
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Brazil: silver.
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