Practice Quiz Chapter 02

. What are frequency distributions?

a) Software to count datasets and their frequencies

b) A tally or count of the number of people who have an attribute of some variable of interest

c) Statistics to track variables at the ratio-level of measurement

d) Formulas for calculating values

e) Graphs of statistical results

. Which of the following is not a way to graph a single variable?

a) Pie graph

b) Bar graph

c) Pictograph

d) Lictograph

e) Box plot

. What is the cumulative percentage of the class intervals of $1 to $4,999 and below?

a) 20%

b) 27%

c) 29%

d) 44.5%

e) 27.2%

. What is the cumulative percentage of the class intervals of $10,000 to $24,999 and below?

a) 80%

b) 77.2%

c) 82%

d) 87%

e) 75.7%

. Frequency distribution tables are the main tools researchers use to do what?

a) Graph continuous variables

b) Summarizing count variables with many attributes

c) Summarize and display categorical variables

d) Summarize and display continuous variables

e) Graph count variables with many attributes

. If 1,059 out of 12,585 students in a recent survey indicated they do not have student loans, then what percentage of students does not have student loans?

a) 8.4%

b) 8.9%

c) 7.9%

d) 9.8%

e) 4.8%

. If 1,200 out of 12,588 students have loans of $25,000 or more then the proportion of students who have this size of student loans is what?

a) 0.095 to 1

b) 0.089 to 1

c) 0.90 to 1

d) 0.88 to 1

e) 88 to 1

. If the proportion is calculated out of 100, what would it be?

a) 95 to 100

b) 8.9 to 100

c) 88 to 100

d) 8.8 to 100

e) 9.5 to 100

. In the percentages formula, what does the F represent?

a) The total number of cases

b) The total number of missing cases

c) The percentage of the cases with some attribute or characteristic

d) The number of dependent variables

e) The number of cases with some attribute or characteristic you are interested in

. Researchers use ratios and rates to do what?

a) Illustrate how common or rare something is

b) Calculate the attributes of a variable

c) Determine if a variable is dependent or independent

d) Graph the attributes of a variable

e) Define categorical variables

. In a recent survey it was revealed that the number of students who used loans to finance their education was 5,596 whereas the number of students who did not rely on a loan was 6,809. What is the ratio of students with loans to students without?

a) 0.28

b) 0.22

c) 0.87

d) 0.82

e) 0.81

. Using the data from the question above, what is the ratio out of 100?

a) 82 out of 100

b) 28 out of 100

c) 87 out of 100

d) 22 out of 100

e) 81 out of 100

. How is the ratio calculated in the question above traditionally written?

a) 87-100

b) 87:100

c) 87=100

d) 82:100

e) 82=100

. In the ratio formula F1 represents what?

a) The frequency of cases

b) The frequency of the number of people with the first attribute of interest

c) The variance frequency

d) The number of ratios being considered

e) The full ratio

. 12,405 students graduated from university or college in 2009 and out of these students 5,596 used student loans. What is the rate of student loan use out of 1000?

a) 514.21

b) 415.12

c) 451.12

d) 545.11

e) 405.10

. When you standardize the number what is the rate?

a) 1 out of every 2.22 students

b) 1 out of every 1.12 students

c) 2 out of every 6 students

d) 3 out of every 6 students

e) 2 for every 1 student

. If 5,596 students out of 12,405 used loans to finance their education, what proportion of students used loans to finance their education?

a) 0.50 out of 1

b) 0.415 out of 1

c) 0.0451 out of 1

d) 0.541 out of 1

e) 0.451 out of 1

. How do pie graphs display the percentage of cases with some attribute of interest?

a) Through horizontal bars

b) Using a box with whiskers

c) With dots and a line connecting the dots

d) Through vertical bars

e) As a proportion of the area of a circle

. Frequency distribution tables are not appropriate for displaying and summarizing the following:

a) Categorical variables

b) Variables at the ordinal-level of measurement

c) Variables at the nominal-level of measurement

d) Continuous or count variables

e) Attributes of variables at the ordinal-level of measurement

. The choice of which tool to display the distribution of a variable does not depend on the following:

a) The variable's level of measurement

b) The number of categories

c) The complexity of the information you want to convey

d) Who your audience is

e) The way the data was collected

. Percentages are usually used to make comparisons between groups of different sizes.

a) True

b) False

. To calculate percentages find the number of people with an attribute, divide it by the total number of people who answered the question, and multiply the answer by 100.

a) True

b) False

. The formula for calculating proportions is the same formula for calculating percentages.

a) True

b) False

. For ordinal- and ratio-level variables you shouldn't use frequency tables that list the attributes in their original order.

a) True

b) False

. A descending count frequency distribution lists cumulative percentages from most cases to least.

a) True

b) False

. An ascending count frequency distribution is one in which cumulative percentages are listed from most cases to least.

a) True

b) False

. Cumulative percentages rely on whether an attribute is ranked higher or lower than other attributes of a variable.

a) True

b) False

. Cumulative percentages can't be calculated for nominal-level variables because variables at this level of measurement don't possess an intrinsic order.

a) True

b) False

. It is sometimes better to use rates rather than percentages to give readers a better sense of the magnitude of the phenomenon being reported.

a) True

b) False

. The goal of using data visualizations for two variables is to convey information about a relationship in an easy-to-understand way.

a) True

b) False

. Crosstabs are used to display the relationship between two categorical variables.

a) True

b) False

. To answer some research questions researchers sometimes combine the attributes of two or more variables to create a new variable.

a) True

b) False

. Line graphs are not a type of graph that shows change over time.

a) True

b) False

. Graphing how the distribution of a variable changes over time provides an opportunity to make claims about whether some element of the social world is improving, worsening or holding steady.

a) True

b) False

. Map-based graphics allow researchers to depict how a variable's distribution can change depending on geography.

a) True

b) False

. The spaces between the bars of a bar graph indicate a categorical variable.

a) True

b) False

. A histogram is the same as a bar graph.

a) True

b) False

. A variable's level of measurement is not relevant to what graph is chosen to display the distribution of the variable.

a) True

b) False

. Bar graphs can be used with variables at the nominal-level of measurement.

a) True

b) False

. Bar graphs depict the distribution of categorical variables with vertical bars that represent the percentage of cases with some attribute of interest.

a) True

b) False

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